IEEE/ICACT20240330 Slide.04        [Big Slide]       Oral Presentation
Surface code stabilizes data qubit states by performing ESM stabilizer circuits. Data qubit error can be detected by stabilizer measurement outcome. If the stabilizer detects errors, they can be corrected by error decoding and correction procedures. Stabilizer circuits are performed d rounds after each logical operation. X stabilizer stabilizes XXXX product of data qubits. When one of the 4 data qubits has a phase-flip(Z) error, it is detected by a change in the measurement outcome of the ancilla qubit. Z stabilizer stabilizes ZZZZ product of data qubits. When one of the 4 data qubits has a bit-flip(X) error, it is detected by a change in the measurement outcome of the ancilla qubit.

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