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Quantum computers in the NISQ era face severe resource constraints. Current devices typically handle only dozens to hundreds of qubits—for instance, the state-of-the-art superconducting quantum computer "Zuchongzhi 3.0" launched in March 2025 possesses 105 qubits.
In contrast, MBQC often requires resource states comprising hundreds or thousands of qubits. This disparity creates a significant resource bottleneck, limiting MBQCs practical implementation in the NISQ era and imposing higher demands on quantum hardware development. |