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Quantum networks comprise nodes and channels. Nodes contain quantum processors (for qubit preparation, storage, measurement, and correction) and channel ports (for classical/quantum communication).
Horizontal cluster states are generated by qubits at specific nodes (e.g., red qubits on yellow nodes forming horizontal cluster 1), subject to node resource and channel fidelity constraints.
Vertical cluster states (black qubits on dashed-border nodes) connect horizontal clusters through qubit fusion, ultimately constructing complete MBQC resource states like the 2-qubit QFT cluster state. |