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Commercial UAVs perform active RF communication with its remote controller or also known as ground control station. They use 3 communication links: command and control link, video link and telemetry link.
The communication is performed using these frequency bands: 433MHz, 868MHz, 2.4/5 GHz ISM band. Among these bands, 2.4 GHz and 5GHz ISM bands are very popular among the latest commercial drones.
The way RF detection works is: An RF detector listen to these communication links. With this it can perform detection and classification of a drone, direction of arrival estimation and useful RF feature extraction.
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IEEE/ICACT20230149 Slide.03
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